E U R O T Y P O

Renaissance

Humanistic movable types.

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The Origins:
The Etruscan and the Greeks colonies. The Roman Empire:
Capitalis Monumentalis
and Rustic letters. Middle Ages:
Uncial, Half Uncial, Carolingian minuscule. Renaissance:
Italian humanistic types. Roman Modern style:
Giambbattista Bodoni.

The Germans, Conradus Sweynheym and Arnoldus Pannartz, had printed De oratote di Cicerón in the Benedictine Abby of Subiaco, 1465.

1- Ludovico degli Arrighi, chancery cursive.
2- Sweynheym & Pannartz, first movable types cut in Roman Capitals and Carolingen minuscules. Rome, 1465.

It has already been mentioned that Italy was one important Western European area that failed to accept the final stages of the Gothic development. Italy was slowly evolving what is now known as the Renaissance, and revived many of the principles of antique cultures.

Writing was also influenced, initially by their fresh interest in the Roman incised alphabet, then by the replacement of the Gothic hands by with the ancient Carlovingian scripts. This to them seemed a logical step as most of the early manuscripts were written in this hand. They probably did not know of the early rewriting of the manuscripts as decreed by Carl the Great in AD 789.

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